Researchers at Aalto University in Espoo develop sustainable wood-based crystals as alternative to plastic glitter

In Otaniemi, Espoo, a 3D printer at Aalto University is producing small, round wood-based crystals. This innovative approach is a response from researchers Noora Yau, Anna Semi, and Konrad Klockars to the sustainability challenges facing the fashion industry. Last year, the European Union banned the sale of plastic glitter entirely, but people’s desire for sparkle and adornment remains.

At the beginning of this year, the Aalto trio began developing a sustainable alternative: wood-based crystals made from finely chopped cellulose that pose no harm to humans or the environment. These wood crystals can serve as replacements for plastic and metallic sequins or traditional glitter. “We believe the EU ban will encourage companies to explore alternative and new methods for creating shimmering colors,” Yau stated.

The researchers had previously created a method for producing wood-based structural color, deriving color from the nanostructures of the wood pulp instead of pigments. This coloring agent is non-toxic, biodegradable, and renewable.

Yau highlighted a strong demand for alternative ecological colors in fashion, specifically shimmering hues, and the concept of utilizing shimmering wood in clothing design. Despite the fragility of the nanoscale cellulose used for this purpose, the team found inspiration in nature—including the vivid colors of beetles, peacocks, and butterflies, which utilize structural coloration rather than traditional pigments.

Looking ahead, the researchers hope that nanoscale cellulose could eventually be produced from industrial waste streams and other biomasses. Currently, they aim to break into the luxury fashion market and also see potential applications in architecture, envisioning their shimmering wood in store floors or as smartphone cases. If successful, they expect to collaborate with major brands or manufacture their wood crystals in their own studio within five years.