Farmers report alarming rise of invasive species in Southeast Finland

Farmers in Finland have observed a notable increase in two invasive species: foxtail millet and hairy foxtail. The number of sightings has been rising for five consecutive years, with this summer seeing an especially high frequency. The situation is particularly severe in Southeast Finland, where the number of farms reporting these species has doubled compared to last year.

Invasive plants are effectively overtaking fields, depriving crops of essential nutrients and light. In extreme cases, farmers are unable to harvest from contaminated plots. The specific causes of this widespread plant spread are still unclear. According to experts, the seeds may be entering the region through imported seeds, animal feeds, and bedding materials. There is also speculation that migratory birds, such as geese, could be transporting seeds.

Contributing to the increase in sightings is a greater awareness and monitoring of invasive species. Machinery and livestock manure are additional factors facilitating their spread, as harvesting equipment can easily transport seeds from one field to another.

Foxtail millet is regarded as one of the world’s most problematic weeds, characterized by its reddish lower stem and ability to grow over 1.5 meters tall without the ligule prevalent in native grass species. Hairy foxtail features hairy spikes and long narrow leaves, with its unique structure allowing it to reach towards the light.

Experts recommend that farmers take immediate actions to combat invasive species to prevent further spread. If possible, contaminated areas should be left unharvested to limit seed dispersal. Management of these species involves both mechanical removal and chemical treatments, though timing presents a challenge as invasive species often germinate later than native ones.